Nanotechnology Controlled Local Drug Delivery System for the Treatment of Periodontitis

Nanotechnology is one of the most promising technologies of the 21st century. The remarkable application of nanotechnology for targeted site-specific drug delivery has created significant improvements in the bioavailability and bio-distribution of the drugs. There have been various efforts in designing different drug delivery systems for periodontal diseases based on the functionalized nanoparticles.

The aim of this article is to review the recent information regarding the experimental progress on nanotechnology in the treatment of various periodontal diseases comprehensively. Novel applications of different types of nanomaterials (nanoparticles to 3D nanostructured scaffolds) for treating periodontal diseases are summarized. Moreover, this paper also focuses on basic principles of utilizing the nanomaterials to create better drug delivery systems for treatment of periodontal diseases.

We addressed some queries to electronic databases including, Google Scholar, Google Books, and MEDLINE using the keywords nanotechnology in periodontics, Nano drug delivery in periodontics and we have taken into consideration the articles and monographs in the field of nanomedicine and nanotechnology issued in English until the February 2018. From the collected materials, we have conceived a summary of the data about the design and architecture of nanomaterials, as well as their applications in dental nanomedicine.

By the improvement in the periodontal drug delivery systems, it can be emphasized that the nanoparticles technology which is antibiotic free, mucoadhesive, biodegradable has a huge opportunity for designing a novel, low dose, and effective treatment. It will make possible for Nano dentistry to maintain the comprehensive oral health by employing nanomaterials, biotechnology which includes the tissue engineering and dental nanorobotics. Even though this technology is at a primary stage, it has already made a profound clinical and commercial impact in the field of dentistry.