Simultaneous beat-to-beat heart rate and systolic blood pressure variability in patients with and without neurally mediated syncope

Introduction: Autonomic changes play an essential role in the genesis of neurally mediated syncope (NMS). The aim of this study was to compare the changes of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) by measuring spectral indices of beat-to-beat systolic blood pressure and heart rate variability (SBPV and HRV) in ranges of low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and the LF/HF ratio during head-up tilt test (HUTT) in patients with and without a syncope response.

Methods: In this case-control study of 46 patients with a suspected history of unexplained syncope, data were recorded separately during the typical three phases of HUTT. Patients who developed syncope were designated as the case group and the rest as the control group.

Results: Thirty one patients experienced syncope during HUTT. Resting HRV and SBPV indices were significantly lower in cases than controls. After tilting in the syncope group, both HF and LF powers of SBPV showed a significant and gradual decrease. LF/HF in HRV increased in both groups similarly during the test but in SBPV, mainly driven by oscilations in its LF power, it increased significantly more during the first two phases of the test in syncope patients only to paradoxically decrease during active tilt (P< 0.001).

Conclusion: Our findings show an abnormal autonomic function in patients with syncope, both at rest and tilting. Fluctuations of spectral indices of beat-to-beat SBPV, a potential noval index of pure sympathetic activity, show an exaggerated response during tilt and its withdrawal before syncope.