Silver Nanoparticles-loaded Hydrogels, A Potential Treatment for Resistant Bacterial Infection and Wound Healing: A Review

Several pathogenic bacteria are developing antibiotic resistance. Recovery from multidrug resistant (MDR) infections is a problematic issue and requires a multiple treatment with broad-spectrum antibiotics which are less effective, more toxic and more expensive. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are attracting much interest because of their potent antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities. These nanoparticles are extensively synthesized and used as an effective broad spectrum antibacterial agent against Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria including antibiotic resistant bacteria. Silver attacks multiple targets in the microorganism therefore decreases its ability to develop resistance. Effect of coating on AgNPs stability, toxicity on the microbial host and their antimicrobial activity was discussed. The incorporation of AgNPs into hydrogels magnifies the antibacterial activity according to their characteristics, hydrogels work as an efficient stabilizer of AgNPs and control the release of AgNPs. In the present review, the silver nanoparticles-hydrogel and their components as well as their antibacterial activities and wound healing efficacies are reviewed and discussed on the bases of component variabilities and characteristics. Different factors and topics are considered since there are challenges and problematic issues need to be faced and solved for development of new ideal antibacterial formulation.