Application of Auxins in Haploid Embryo Induction in Hexaploidy Wheat

Doubled haploid (DH) plant production plays a crucial role in modern plant breeding programs, offering an efficient means to generate homozygous lines from heterozygous parents within a single generation. Different types of auxins have been utilized in wheat cross with maize DH production, with 2,4-D being the most widely used and effective hormone, followed by dicamba. Other auxins, including picloram, Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), phenylacetic acid (PAA), silver nitrate, 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), kinetin, 6-benzyladenine (BA), and zearalenone, have also been tested for their potential role in haploid embryo induction. Various methods have been explored for the application of 2,4-D, such as spray, tiller injection, dipping, and spikelet culture methods. 2,4-D found to be most effective auxin treatment both alone and with combination with other phytohormones.