Navigating the Challenge of Tuberculosis Drug Resistance: Unveiling Intrinsic and Acquired Pathways to Overcome the Threat

Tuberculosis (TB), caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), continues to be a persistent worldwide health problem, made worse by the appearance of strains that are resistant to drugs. This review thoroughly examines the complex phenomenon of drug resistance in TB, investigating both the intrinsic characteristics and acquired changes that contribute to the bacterial ability to withstand treatment. It explores the progression of tuberculosis treatment, starting with the basic medications that target cell wall formation, then moving on to more advanced tactics that overcome resistance. It also discusses the new third-line therapies, providing insights into the dynamic landscape of TB treatment. Considering the increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant strains, it is crucial to adopt innovative strategies. These may involve altering existing antibiotics, investigating new chemicals, and gaining a more comprehensive understanding of new targets. This review emphasizes the need of knowing MTB medication resistance mechanisms that will enhance our understanding of MTB medication resistance and prepares us for future study, providing insights and approaches to address this global health issue more effectively.