Liver Cancer: Zheng Classification of Qi Stagnation and Blood Stasis

There is a long history of using traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of liver cancer and other malignnancies. The classification of Qi stagnation and blood stasis (QSBS) is the most common Zheng in liver cancer. This Zheng is frequently encountered in liver cancers falling into the pathological category of massive type. QSBS is the principal mechanism for a tumor to develop. Liver cancer with QSBS Zheng has characteristic clinical manifestations. Evidence from ex vivo, in vivo and clinical studies has been reported for the identification and management of liver cancer with QSBS Zheng. This article reviews evidence-based study advances of QSBS Zheng, the most common Zheng encountered in liver cancer.