Free Radical Scavenging Potential and Essential Oil Composition of the Dorema glabrum Fisch. C.A. Mey Roots from Iran

Introduction: Dorema glabrum is an endangered species that grow in Transcaucasia and North West of Iran. The plant has extensive uses e.g. as an herbal remedy or food additive in these regions. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled oil of D. glabrum growing in Iran was analyzed by GC-MS for the first time. Methods: The essential oil of air-dried roots was obtained by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger type apparatus. The oil was subjected to GC-MS analysis and its free radical scavenging properties were determined by DPPH method. Results: Thirty four constituents were identified that represented 81.6% of the total oil. The main compounds were delta-Cadinene (12.77%), beta-bisabolene (7.48%), alpha-Fenchyl acetate (6.32%), Copaene (5.68%) and Cubenol (5.42%). The essential oil had weak free radical scavenging properties with the RC50 value of 2.24 mg/mL. Conclusion: Present work is the first report on chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from D. glabrum roots. GC-MS Analysis showed that the oil was rich in sesquiterpenes. It deems that weak free radical scavenging activity of the oil is due to absence of potent antioxidant compounds.