THE BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SODIUM DICHLOROACETATE: CONCEPTS AND MECHANISMS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

Though the biological activity of sodium dichloroacetate in medicine has been researched for the last forty-five years, our literature review is considered to be the first one in the domestic scientific literature and must draw the researchers' attention to this range of problems. During the clinic-experimental studies the effectiveness of sodium dichloroacetate as the cytoprotector in a number of pathological processes involving the mitochondrial dysfunction was researched as well as its antitumoral activity. The mechanism of its effect was associated with the activation of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and as a result of it the energy metabolism. In normal cells in the hypoxia conditions this leads to the optimization of oxygen consumption and the prevention of sulphur acidulation. In atypical cells this causes the metabolism inversion including the intensification of free-radical processes, the activation of caspase enzyme cascade, the activity lowering of proproliferative and proangiogenic transcriptional factors.